Handelscijfers EU-Rusland: EU27 had in 2012 een handelstekort van €90 miljard (en)

Met dank overgenomen van Eurostat (ESTAT), gepubliceerd op maandag 3 juni 2013.

Following a sharp fall in 2009, EU27 international trade in goods with Russia has grown strongly since then to reach record levels in 2012. After falling from 105 billion euro in 2008 to 66 bn in 2009, EU27 exports to Russia have risen continuously to a peak of 123 bn in 2012. Imports followed the same pattern: a fall from 178 bn in 2008 to 118 bn in 2009, then continuous growth to a record level of 213 bn in 2012. As a result, the EU27 trade deficit with Russia rose from 52 bn in 2009 to 90 bn in 2012. The deficit in 2012 is primarily due to EU27 imports of energy from Russia (163 bn), partially offset by EU27 exports of manufactured goods (108 bn). In 2012, Russia was the EU27 's third most important trading partner after the USA and China , accounting for 7% of EU27 exports and 12% of EU27 imports.

On the occasion of the 31 st European Union - Russia summit, which will take place on 3 and 4 June in Yekaterinburg in Russia , Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union , issues the latest data on trade and investments between Russia and the EU .

Germany, Italy and France main EU27 exporters to Russia

Among the EU27 Member States, Germany (37.9 bn euro or 31% of EU exports) was by far the largest exporter to Russia in 2012, followed by Italy (10.0 bn or 8%) and France (9.1 bn or 7%). Germany (39.8 bn or 19% of EU imports) was also the largest importer, followed by the Netherlands 1 (29.4 bn or 14%), Poland (21.6 bn or 10%) and Italy (18.3 bn or 9%).

Most Member States recorded deficits in trade with Russia in 2012, the largest being observed in the Netherlands 1 (-21.1 bn euro), Poland (-13.8 bn), Italy (-8.3 bn), the United Kingdom (-5.9 bn), Greece (-5.5 bn) and Spain (-5.0 bn). The highest surpluses were recorded in Denmark (+0.9 bn) and Slovenia (+0.8 bn).

Just over 85% of EU27 exports to Russia in 2012 were manufactured goods, while energy accounted for more than three quarters of imports.

EU27 international trade in goods with Russia

billion euro

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Russia
Exports	22.7	31.6	34.4	37.2	46.0	56.6	72.3	89.1	104.8	65.6	86.1	108.4	123.3
Imports	63.8	65.9	64.5	70.7	84.0	112.6	141.0	145.0	178.3	118.0	160.7	199.9	213.2
Balance	-41.0	-34.3	-30.1	-33.5	-37.9	-56.0	-68.7	-55.9	-73.5	-52.4	-74.6	-91.6	-90.0
Total extra-EU27
Exports	849.7	884.7	891.9	869.2	953.0	1 057.6	1 161.9	1 242.9	1 317.5	1 099.2	1 356.6	1 559.3	1 686.8
Imports	992.7	979.1	937.0	935.2	1 027.5	1 183.2	1 363.9	1 445.0	1 582.9	1 233.1	1 530.5	1 724.2	1 791.7
Balance	-143.0	-94.4	-45.1	-66.0	-74.6	-125.6	-202.0	-202.1	-265.4	-133.9	-173.9	-164.9	-105.0
Russia / Total
Exports	2.7%	3.6%	3.9%	4.3%	4.8%	5.4%	6.2%	7.2%	8.0%	6.0%	6.3%	6.9%	7.3%
Imports	6.4%	6.7%	6.9%	7.6%	8.2%	9.5%	10.3%	10.0%	11.3%	9.6%	10.5%	11.6%	11.9%

EU27 Member States' international trade in goods with Russia

million euro

Exports		Imports		Balance
2011	2012	2011	2012	2011	2012

EU27

108 355

123 262

199 922

213 212

-91 567

-89 951

Belgium 1

4 686

5 410

8 901

8 510

-4 216

-3 100

Bulgaria

542

562

4 127

5 300

-3 585

-4 738

Czech Republic

3 758

4 796

5 235

5 820

-1 476

-1 024

Denmark

1 516

1 577

1 032

706

484

871

Germany

34 378

37 928

38 309

39 781

-3 931

-1 853

Estonia

1 313

1 515

1 031

924

282

591

Ireland

500

599

102

397

521

Greece

412

464

4 892

5 967

-4 480

-5 504

Spain

2 526

2 930

8 329

7 979

-5 802

-5 049

France

7 484

9 145

13 305

11 017

-5 821

-1 872

Italy

9 305

9 993

16 904

18 331

-7 599

-8 338

Cyprus

-5

-36

Latvia

1 643

1 972

975

1 226

668

746

Lithuania

3 340

4 355

7 316

8 085

-3 976

-3 730

Luxembourg

220

189

207

185

Hungary

2 586

2 566

6 379

6 447

-3 793

-3 880

Malta

-2

Netherlands 1

7 098

8 360

25 956

29 438

-18 859

-21 078

Austria

3 559

4 109

3 093

3 734

466

375

Poland

6 080

7 731

18 078

21 558

-11 998

-13 827

Portugal

140

182

563

476

-423

-293

Romania

1 018

1 049

2 093

2 387

-1 075

-1 338

Slovenia

969

1 151

408

379

562

772

Slovakia

2 090

2 638

6 212

5 884

-4 122

-3 245

Finland

5 337

5 688

11 072

10 535

-5 736

-4 847

Sweden

3 058

2 720

7 181

7 071

-4 123

-4 350

United Kingdom

4 778

5 574

8 390

11 516

-3 612

-5 941

Total extra-EU27

1 559 339

1 686 774

1 724 207

1 791 726

-164 868

-104 953

Russia / Total

6.9%

7.3%

11.6%

11.9%

EU27 international trade in goods with Russia by product

million euro

Exports		Imports		Balance
2011	2012	2011	2012	2011	2012

Total

108 355

123 262

199 922

213 212

-91 567

-89 951

Primary goods:

12 140

13 557

157 658

168 557

-145 518

-155 001

Food & drink

9 091

9 906

999

1 427

8 093

8 478

Raw materials

1 981

2 256

4 466

4 469

-2 485

-2 213

Energy

1 068

1 395

152 193

162 661

-151 125

-161 267

Manufactured goods:

94 688

108 055

22 759

22 383

71 929

85 671

Chemicals

17 830

19 443

5 716

6 262

12 113

13 181

Machinery & vehicles 2

52 219

61 212

1 685

2 089

50 534

59 122

Other manuf’d goods 2

24 639

27 400

15 357

14 032

9 282

13 368

Other

1 527

1 650

19 505

22 272

-17 978

-20 621

EU27 surplus of 13 bn in international trade in services with Russia in 2012

In 2012, the EU27 exported 28.3 bn euro of services to Russia , while imports amounted to 15.3 bn, meaning that the EU27 had a surplus of 13.1 bn in trade in services with Russia , compared with +9.8 bn in 2010 and +9.6 bn in 2011. The surplus in 2012 was mainly due to surpluses for travel (+7.9 bn), computer & information services (+2.0 bn), other business services 3 (+1.2 bn), financial services (+1.0 bn) and royalties and licence fees (+0.9 bn). Russia accounted for almost 4% of total extra- EU27 trade in services.

EU27 international trade in services with Russia

million euro

Exports			Imports			Balance
2010	2011	2012	2010	2011	2012	2010	2011	2012

Total

23 444

23 780

28 312

13 671

14 194

15 252

9 773

9 586

13 060

of which:

Transportation

4 769

5 463

6 231

6 737

6 852

6 754

-1 967

-1 389

-524

Travel

5 588

7 523

9 993

1 790

1 870

2 094

3 798

5 653

7 899

Other services

13 089

10 785

12 079

5 131

5 454

6 386

7 958

5 331

5 693

of which:

Communications services

555

571

646

365

363

437

190

208

209

Construction services

1 696

1 282

1 069

725

897

787

971

385

281

Insurance services

102

247

300

222

220

327

-120

-27

Financial services

2 375

1 818

1 524

437

470

547

1 938

1 349

977

Computer and information services

1 585

1 611

2 146

146

135

190

1 439

1 476

1 956

Royalties and license fees

640

868

911

605

826

859

Other business services 3

5 830

3 983

5 124

3 040

3 173

3 881

2 791

810

1 243

Personal cultural and recreational services

146

228

203

163

120

Government services n.i.e.

159

178

156

101

Total extra-EU27

561 033

607 363

657 387

461 834

481 220

510 641

99 199

126 143

146 746

Russia / total extra-EU27

4.2%

3.9%

4.3%

3.0%

2.9%

3.0%

Large fluctuations in EU27 FDI flows with Russia

EU27 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Russia rose from 8.8 bn euro in 2009 to 27.6 bn in 2010, fell to 8.2 bn in 2011, then increased to 9.4 bn in 2012, while Russian direct investment into the EU27 decreased from 12.5 bn in 2009 to 7.0 bn in 2010 and 1.8 bn in 2011 and then rose to 7.4 bn in 2012.

EU27 FDI flows with Russia

(million euro)

	2009	2010	2011	2012 *
EU27 FDI in Russia	8 790	27 633	8 177	9 418
Russian FDI in the EU27	12 496	7 022	1 827	7 415

*

Provisional
-

Dutch imports and therefore the trade deficit are over-estimated because of the “Rotterdam effect” where goods destined for the rest of the EU arrive, and are therefore recorded in harmonised EU external trade statistics, in Dutch ports. This then has a positive effect on the external trade balances with Russia of those Member States to which the goods are re-exported as these shipments would be recorded as intra-EU trade with the Netherlands rather than extra-EU trade with Russia. To a lesser extent, Belgian trade figures are similarly over-estimated.
-

Machinery and vehicles includes power generating and industrial machinery, computers, electric and electronic parts and equipment, road vehicles and parts, ships, airplanes and railway equipment.

Other manufactured goods include leather, rubber, wood, paper, textiles, metals, building fixtures and fittings, furniture, clothes, shoes and accessories, scientific instruments, clocks, watches and cameras.

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Other business services comprise merchanting and other trade-related services, operational leasing services and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services.